Renaissance+and+Reformation+Artifacts

modern era by laying the foundations of mechanics and experimental physics. He applied mathematics to the workings of nature. He supported the reemerging heliocentric cosmology of Nicholas Copernicus. Galileo made many theories the most famous is gravity.
 * [[image:http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Images/DBImages/3018%5C301802w.jpg align="top" caption="Title: Galileo"]]**Science** || [[image:astrolabe.JPG]]**Inventions** ||
 * A leading figure of the scientific revolution. He helped usher in the

//Galileo//. N.d. Lib of Congress, ABC CLIO World History. //ABC CLIO World History//. Web. 17 Dec. 2009. . || Astrolabe help explorers know there directions by their latitude and longitude. The astrolabe has a lot of detail. This must have took a long time to make or craft. This was very helpful to explorers so that they knew where they were. Many explorers carried an astrolabe with them on their journeys.

//Astrolabe//. N.d. ARTstor, ARTstor. //ARTstor//. Web. 17 Dec. 2009. . ||
 * 3|search|1|astrolabe|Multiple20Collection20Search || |type3D3126kw3Dastrolabe26id3


 * [[image:http://www.beyondbooks.com/eur11/images/00002765.jpg width="200" height="288"]]
 * Sculpture** || [[image:Pic_number1.JPG width="372" height="356"]]**Painting** ||
 * Donatello was an important person in the Renaissance, he mainly worked as a sculpture. Donatello sculpted this statue David. The statue is realistic and accurate. David is also modeled after the Ancient Greek and Roman statues, a revival the classical past. This sculpture looks like it is old and has aged a lot. This is a good sculpture.

//David//. N.d. Beyond Books, Florence Itlay. //Beyond Books//. Web. 9 Dec. 2009. . || This painting shows how talented Michelangelo was. This must have took a lot of time to make. The picture has a lot of detail and is very vivid. There are a lot of many different kinds of people. They are all in different areas. This is magnificent painting.

Buonarroti, Michelangelo. //Last Judgment//. 1534-41. ARTstor, ARstor. //ARTstor//. Web. 9 Dec. 2009. . ||
 * [[image:http://www.beyondbooks.com/eur11/images/00002211.jpg width="194" height="287" caption="Church where Luther hung his 95 theses"]]**Religion** || [[image:http://www.beyondbooks.com/eur11/images/00002516.jpg width="232" height="275"]]**Religion** ||
 * The Church in these pictures is to believed to be the church where Luther hung his 95 theses. The church used indulgences do raise money for the church. Luther posted these theses to start a debate with the church about selling indulgences. His debate started a religious revolution.

//Lutherstadt Wittenberg//. N.d. Beyond Books, Beyond Books. //Beyond Books//. Web. 8 Dec. 2009. . || Calvin settled in modern day Switzerland. Calvin built a Christian society that served as a model for others. Calvin's ideas were so wide spread that he gain a lot of support throughout Europe. Calvinists were hard-working and disciplined and they valued prosperity.

//John Calvin//. N.d. Beyond Books, Beyond Books. //Beyond Books//. Web. 8 Dec. 2009. . ||
 * [[image:http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Images/DBImages/3497/349700w.jpg align="top" caption="Title: Gutenberg printing press"]]
 * Inventions** || [[image:http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Images/DBImages/3484/348478w.jpg align="top" caption="Title: Galileo's trial"]]
 * Science** ||
 * Johannes Gutenberg created the invention of movable metal type, examines printed copy in his workshop. The innovation of movable type spread rapidly throughout Europe during the second half of the 15Th century. The printing press revolutionized communication by making it possible for the first time to distribute documents to a large number of people in a short amount of time. The first book printed by Gutenberg was the Bible, a three-volume work completed. The machine is organized on a flat surface. Paper is placed against the type,and another flat surface or heavy cylinder is pressed against the paper. The printing press was a significant invention.

//Gutenberg Printing Press//. N.d. Lib of Congress, Library of Congress. //ABC CLIO// //World History//. Web. 30 Nov. 2009. . || Galileo defends himself before a court of papal judges in 1633. He is charged with anti scriptural heresy for championing evidence of the scientific truth that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Galileo was convicted and committed to house arrest for the last eight years of his life. In 1992, 350 years after his death, the Roman Catholic Church admitted its error and declared Galileo correct. In the picture Galileo is handcuffed and is hold a staff. Is it in front of podium testifying before the heresy. Galileo at the end did not completely admit that he was wrong. When he was leaving he muttered to himself "it does move".

//Galileo's Trial//. N.d. Hulton Archive, Hulton Archive. //ABC CLIO World History//. Web. 30 Nov. 2009.  ||

Donatello is known for inventing a technique known as schiacciato or shallow relief. Donatello completed most of his work in Florence. Made marble sculptures of Saint Mark and Saint George. Donatello worked closely with Florentine architect Michelozzo. Donatello died in Florence on December 13, 1466.
 * [[image:http://www.ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Images/DBImages/6194/619428w.jpg align="top" caption="Title: Donatello"]]**Sculpture** || [[image:http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Images/DBImages/3431/343190w.jpg align="top" caption="Title: Still Life with Chest of Drawers(Cézanne)"]]
 * Paintings** ||
 * Donatello was a Florentine artist and sculptor. He lived from 1386 till 1466.

//Donatello//. N.d. Lib of Congress. //ABC CLIO World History//. Web. 16 Nov. 2009. . || Cezanne created over 200 still life art work. Cezanne paid as much attention to the background as he did to the primary subject. He focused on the overall composition on the painting. He emphasizing simplicity of form and imbuing everyday objects with intense color. The picture shows a bowl of fruit that looks like peaches or apples. There are a lot of different colors in the pictures. The artist shows a lot of details in the background which shows that the artist cares a lot about the background.

//Still Life with Chest of Drawers//. N.d. Corel, Corel. //ABC World History//. Web. 30 Nov. 2009. . ||